ABSTRACT
Background: Increasing antisocial and violent behaviors in adolescents and young adults present serious challenges for public health. Children with persistent high levels of aggressiveness are often associated with developing conduct disorders later in life. Early detection of highly aggressive children and sociodemographic risk-modifying factors are important for developing effective preventive strategies. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess levels of aggressiveness for detecting highly aggressive children in sample populations of primary school children in an urban setting and determine significant biosociocultural risk-modifying factors in this scenario. Methods: The study was conducted during August朣eptember, 2015 in 5 primary schools of South Delhi Municipal Corporation. Sociodemographic data on 2080 students were collected. Overall aggressiveness scores (OA-Scores) were estimated using a self-report questionnaire in Hindi. Results: Categorizing students according to their OA-Scores, the data revealed that highly aggressive children constituted 4.3% of the study population. Analysis showed significant influence of (a) gender: boys displayed higher levels of aggressiveness compared to girls; (b) dietary pattern: omnivores showed higher aggressiveness than vegetarians; and (c) school environment: boys in mixed-sex (coeducational) schools displayed lower aggressiveness than from single-sex schools. Statistically significant influences of religion (Hindu/Muslim) and family type (joint/nuclear) on aggressiveness profiles were not noticeable. Conclusions: Vegetarian diets and mixed-sex education act as protective factors in the development of aggressiveness in children, especially among boys. Extending investigations to populations differing in geography and cultural backgrounds are warranted to verify present results.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper has been to review the past and current literature on the determinants and control of soft drinks-incited dental erosion. METHODS: The authors used Medline to find relevant literature published until March 2009. Abstracts and full articles were read to identify studies and reviews describing various modifying factors and determinants of dental erosion. Additional information was obtained using manual library search. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Excessive exposure to various acid sources can contribute to the chemical erosion of tooth surfaces. While these acid sources have the potential to erode teeth, various chemical, biological and behavioral factors determines the erosive action of the acids they contain. Several interceptive and preventive means have been proposed to minimize damage to the dentition.
OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar a literatura passada e atual sobre os determinantes e controle da erosão dentária induzida por refrigerantes. MÉTODO: Os autores utilizaram o MEDLINE para encontrar literatura relevante publicada até março de 2009. Resumos e artigos completos foram lidos para identificar estudos e revisões descrevendo vários fatores modificantes e determinantes da erosãodentária. Obteve-se informação adicional pela busca manual na literatura em bibliotecas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Exposição excessiva a várias fontes ácidas podem contribuir para a erosão química de várias superfícies dentárias. Enquanto estas fontes ácidas têm o potencial de erosionar dentes, vários fatores químicos, biológicos e comportamentais determinam a ação erosiva dos ácidos que contêm. Várias medidas preventivas e interceptivas têm sido propostas para diminuir os danos causados pela erosão.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carbonated Beverages/adverse effects , Tooth Erosion/etiology , Tooth Erosion/therapy , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
A anemia falciforme é considerada uma doença heterogênea com diferentes graus de gravidade clínica apesar de ser causada pela mutação de um único nucleotídeo (Glu6Val) no gene da globina b. A total compreensão desta doença permitirá a descoberta de terapias contra alvos fisiopatológicos específicos. Este artigo revisa alguns dos fatores associados à modulação do fenótipo da anemia falciforme, incluindo fatores eritrocitários e fatores extrínsecos aos eritrócitos.
Sickle cell anemia is a heterogeneous disorder with different degrees of clinical severity despite of being caused by a single base pair mutation (Glu6Val) of the ß-globin gene. Understanding this disease will allow us to discover therapies of specific pathophysiological targets. This article reviews some of the factors that can modulate the phenotype of sickle cell anemia, including red blood cell factors and factors extrinsic to the red blood cells.